![]() Throughout human development, the fate of most stem cells becomes narrower and more specific until they reach a fully mature state, a process known as differentiation (Figure 1). They slowly make choices that propel them down certain paths, toward certain fates, until ultimately they mature and end up as a neuron in your brain, or a skin cell in your toe, or a muscle cell in your heart. ![]() Stem cells, the forefathers of each of the 3.72 trillion cells that make up the adult human body, have the unique ability to become any kind of cell, much like the potential we begin with in life. Reprogramming the Cell: How to Make a Stem Cell By making stem cells into specific types of neurons and mini brain-like structures called organoids, scientists are making major progress toward treating and understanding disease. They are using their understanding of stem cells and the way they develop into other types of cells in the body to study complex disorders of the brain. Scientists are trying to understand exactly that for the life of a stem cell. Imagine you could know everything you needed to make you into exactly who you were destined to be-which books would inspire you, which people you needed to meet, what you should study in school.
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